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1600s
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1800s
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Venetian Empire 800s - 1797 800s   |
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Catholic Popes 30 - Present 1981 |
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Croatia 2 1527 - 1868 341 |
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1500s |
1600s |
1700s |
1800s |
1900s |
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Kingdom of Portugal
1139 - 1910 771
Aviz - Beja
1495 - 1580 85 |
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Kingdom of Portugal
1139 - 1910 771
1598 - 1621 23  Filipe 2 Cruel Pious ^ Filipe 1 |
1602 - 61 59 mi Dutch–Portuguese War Atlantic Ocean: Brazil, West Africa, Southern Africa; Indian Ocean: India, East Indies, Indochina; China. Kingdom of Portugal (initially under Habsburg domain),
Kingdom of Spain,
Kingdom of Cochin vs Dutch Republic,
Kingdom of England,
Johor Sultanate,
Kingdom of Kandy,
Kingdom of Kongo,
Kingdom of NdongoMatamba,
Rio Grande Tupis
Nhandui, Tarairiu Tribe,
Potiguar Tribe
| 1620 Flores de musica pera o instrumento de tecla & harpa Manuel Rodrigues Coelho 1555 - 1635 80 |
|
| 1622 mi Capture of Ormuz; island of Hormuz was captured by an AngloPersian force from Portuguese. |
| 1640 - 56 16 mi João 4 Restoring King Fortunate ^^^Manuel 1 |
| 1640 - 68 28 mi Portuguese Restoration War Portugal VS Spain led to end of Iberian Union. |
1659  Battle of Lines of Elvas   |
| 1665 mi Battle of Montes Claros |
1693  Battle of Lagos |
|
1600s  New Cathedral of Coimbra |
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Kingdom of Portugal
1139 - 1910 771
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UK of Portugal, Brazil & Algarves
1815 - 22 7
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Kingdom of Portugal
1139 - 1910 771
1801 nt War of Oranges 1st French Empire &
Spain vs Kingdom of Portugal |
| 1826 mi Pedro 4 SoldierKing EmperorKing Liberator ^ |
1828 - 34 6  Miguel Traditionalist Usurper AbsolutistAbsolutKing < |
| 1828 - 34 6 nt Liberal Wars Portugal Liberal Forces of King Pedro 4
United Kingdom
Spain VS Absolutist Forces of King Miguel
|
Braganza Saxe Coburg Gotha
1853 - 61 8 |
1889 - 1908 19  Carlos 1 Martyred Diplomat Oceanographer ^ |
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Kingdom of Portugal
1139 - 1910 771
1908 - 10 2  Manuel 2 Patriot Unfortunate Scholar Missed King ^ |
1910  Portugese Revolution |
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| 1918 mi 2nd Battle of Lys. Belgium UK, (+Australia, Newfoundland), Portugal, Belgium, France, USA ? 120 VS Germany 800 120 |
| 1900s mi Dona Chica Castle |
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1500s |
1600s |
1700s |
1800s |
1900s |
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Kingdom of Navarre
824 - 1620 976
1512  southern part (historical core) of Kingdom of Navarre is invaded by Castile & Aragon. |
|
1500  Moors in Granada Revolt over forced conversions but are suppressed by Ferdinand of Aragon |
1533 - 84 51  William Silent, William 1 of OrangeNassau, main leader of Dutch revolt against Spanish |
1540 72 mi Alcázar Castle Seville
|
1513 - 1733 220  New Cathedral Salamanca |
1518 - 1667 149  Granada Cathedral |
1525 - 77  Segovia Cathedral |
| 1528 - 1782 mi Málaga Cathedral |
1549 - 1730s 180s  Guadix Cathedral |
1550 - 1960  Juan de Albacete Cathedral |
| 1580 mi Córdoba Cathedral |
|
Kingdom of Navarre
824 - 1620 976
1610 - 20 10 mi Louis 2 Just ^ = Marie Anne of Austria 6 ch Henry 3 of Navarre became Henry 4 of France & thereafter crown of Navarre passed to kings of France
| 1620, Kingdom was merged into France; however, French kings used title King of Navarre until 1791, revived again 1814 - 1830 16 @ Bourbon Restoration |
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1624  Lugo Castle
|
| 1636 nt Royal Alcazar Castle Madrid |
1600s  Jerez de la Frontera Cathedral |
1613 - 62  San Nicolas Cathedral Alicante |
1668  Valladolid Cathedral Consecrated |
1681 - 6  Basilica of Our Lady of Pillar |
1694  Battle of Torroella |
|
1700s  Cartagena Cathedral |
| 1722 - 1838 116 mi Cádiz Cathedral |
| 1794 nt Battle of San Lorenzo de la Muga |
|
| 1844 nt Miranda de Ebro Castle |
1883 - 1993  Almudena Cathedral |
1888 - 97  Good Shepherd Cathedral of San Sebastián |
1904 - 13  La Laguna Cathedral |
|
|
1500  Spanish navigator Vicente Yáñez Pinzón discovers Brazil but is prevented from claiming it by Treaty of Tordesillas. |
1503  Spain defeats France at Battle of Cerignola. Considered to be first battle in history won by gunpowder small arms. |
1504  Drought &  Famine all of Spain. |
 Columbian Exchange introduces many plants, animals & diseases to Old & New Worlds. Tea & coffee become popular in Europe. Spain |
1513  1st European to cross Isthmus of Panama & view Pacific ocean from American shores. Vasco Núñez de Balboa 1475 - 1519 44 |
1514  Discovery of Florida by Juan Ponce de León 1460 - 1521 61 Spanish explorer. He explored Florida while attempting to locate a Fountain of Youth |
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Kingdom of Valencia
1237 - 1707 470
| 1620s José de Ribera 1591 1652 61, Painted Tenebrist paintings & prints. Lo Spagnoletto. Spain. |
|
|
Kingdom of Valencia
1237 - 1707 470
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Majorca
1262 - 1349 87
Trastámara 1412 - 1516 104 |
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Kingdom of Majorca
1262 - 1349 87
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Kingdom of Majorca
1262 - 1349 87
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Under Joanna & Charles 1, two thrones of Castile & Aragon were finally united with Valencia under one monarch.
1516 - 56 40 Charles 1 ^Joanna Holy Roman EmperorKing of Romans, Italy & Spain,
Archduke of Austria,
(Titular) Duke of Burgundy
** Carles V 1519 - 56 |
| 1519 - 22 3 Spanish expedition commanded by Magellan & Elcano first to circle Earth |
1519 - 21 2  Hernán Cortés 1485 - 1547 62 leads Spanish conquest of Mexico. |
| 1519 - 40 21 In America, Spanish Hernando de Soto 1496 - 1542 46 expeditions map Gulf of Mexico coastline & bays. Explored Florida, mainly northwest Florida, & discovered Mississippi River. |
| 1521 mi Battle of Pampeluna |
1522  1st Circumnavigation of World completed by Juan Sebastián Elcano 1476 - 1526 50 captain Magellan killed |
1532  Conquering of Inca Empire by Francisco Pizarro 1475 - 1541 66 |
1534  Society of Jesus founded by Ignatius of Loyola 1491 - 1556 65 |
1540 - 2 2  Francisco Vásquez de Coronado 1510 - 54 44 Searched for Seven Cities of Gold & discovered Grand Canyon in process |
1541 - 2 1  Francisco de Orellana 1511 - 46 35 Spanish explorer insails length of Amazon River. |
| 1542 mi Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca, Relation of Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca |
| 1552 Casas, Very Brief Relation of Devastation of Indies, a protest against treatment of Indians |
| 1556 - 98 42 mi Philip 2 ^ *Spain, Portugal, & Naples, England & Ireland, Spanish Netherlands;
Duke of Milan 1527 - 98 71 selfproclaimed leader of CounterReformation |
1559 - 62 3  Spanish settlements in Alabama/Florida & Georgia confirm dangers of hurricanes & local native warring tribes. |
1560  Battle of Djerba Ottoman navy defeats Spanish fleet |
| 1565 Spanish settlers outside New Spain (Mexico) colonize Floridas coastline at St. Augustine. |
1567  Life of St Teresa Saint Teresa of Avila 371M 13;31;52 |
| 1567 Way to Perfection Saint Teresa of Avila 189M 7;13;46 |
1568 - 71 3 Morisco Revolt
| 1570 mi Moriscos Ejected from Grenada A royal council in Spain decides to deal with Moriscos by deporting them out of Grenada & scattering them all around Spain. |
|
| 1571 mi Conceptions of Divine Saint Teresa 18.7M 59;14 |
1573  Siege of Haarlem After heavy losses on both sides ends in a Spanish victory. |
1576  Sack of Antwerp by badly paid Spanish soldiers. |
| 1577 mi Interior Castle Saint Teresa 197M 7;10;34 |
1577  El Greco 1541 - 1614 73 moved to Toledo to paint, sculpt, & architect for Spanish Renaissance |
| 1580 nt Battle of Alcantara |
1582  Book of Foundations Saint Teresa 234M 8;32;09 |
1598 - 1602 4  fl Lope de Vegas Dramatist 1562 - 1635 73 |
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| 1598 - 1621 23 Philip 3 ^ *Spain, Portugal |
| 1601 - 39 38 fl mi Francisco de Quevedos 1580 - 1645 65 Spanish writer |
1605  Torres Straight 1st Sailed by Luis Váez de Torres 1565 1607 42 , Portuguese or Spanish Explorer. 16th17th century exploration of Pacific for Spain. |
1605  1st novel Don Quixote published by Miguel de Cervantes 1547 - 1616 69 Spanish author |
1607  Battle of Gibraltar |
1607  Spanish arrive in Manila, Philipines, lead by Luis Váez de Torres 1565 - 1607 42 Spanish or Portuguese navigator. Explored Pacific for Spanish crown. |
| 1612 History of Don Quixote, V1 P1 (Below is all of V1) by Cervantes Saavedra, Miguel de 219295 K |
1618  Horace Translated by Martial Ausonius, mi Juan Martínez de Jáuregui, Aguilar 1483 - 1541 58, Spanish poet & painter |
| 1618 mi Sebastian Aguilera de Heredia 1565 - 1627 62 publishes his collection of music. |
| 1620 - 81 61 Pedro Calderón de la Barcas 1600 - 81 81 carreer. Spanish dramatist |
1632  True History of Conquest of New Spain by Bernal Diaz del Castillo 1498 - 1585 87 |
1639  Battle of Downs Republic of United Provinces fleet decisevely defeats a Spanish fleet in English waters. |
| 1640 - 52 12 Catalan Revolt Spain Catalans
France |
1647 - 52 5 .png) Great Plague of Seville |
1654 - 60 6  AngloSpanish War Carribean, Spain, Netherlands, Canary Islands. Commonwealth of England,
France VS Spain |
| 1656 mi Las Meninas Painted by Diego Rodríguez de Silva y Velázquez 1599 - 1660 61, lead painter in Philip 4s court. |
1668  Treaty of Lisbon between Spain & Portugal recognizes Portugal as independent country. |
1617 - 82 55  Bartolomé Esteban Murillo Painter |
|
|
| 1700 - 24 24 mi Philip 5 abdicated ^^^Philip 4 ^^Maria Theresa |
1701 - 14 13  War of Spanish Succession Kingdom of Fance
Kingdom of Spain
Electorate of Bavaria Habsburg Monarchy Great Britain
Dutch Republic
Duchy of Savoy
Prussia
Kingdom of Portugal
Hungarians
1702 - 13 11 mi Queen Annes War Part of War of Spanish Succession. England
British America Iroquois Confederacy
Muscogee (Creek)
Chickasaw
Yamasee France
New France Spain New Spain Mikmaq
Abenaki
Caughnawaga Mohawk
Choctaw
Timucua
Apalachee
Natchez
1702 nt Battle of Vigo Bay  |
| 1704 nt Battle of Blenheim Marlborough wins the |
1707  Battle of Almansa |
| 1710 nt Battle of Almenar |
1710  Battle of Saragossa |
1710  Battle of Brihuega |
1710  Battle of Villaviciosa |
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|
| 1720 Spanish military embarks on Villasur expedition from Mexico & travel into Great Plains |
1739 - 48 9  War of Jenkins Ear Part of War of Austrian Succession Great Britain Kingdom of Spain |
1757  Battle of Hastenbeck |
| 1758 nt Battle of Cartagena |
| 1761 - 3 2 mi Spanish Portuguese War Part of Seven Years War Portugal
Great Britain Spain
France |
| 1767 - 93 16 fl mi Juan Francisco Naval officer & explorer 1744 - 94 50 Born in Lima. |
1771 - 1828 57 fl mi Francisco de Goyas
Painter 1746 - 1828 82 |
| 1777 - 82 5 mi José Moñino y Redondos 1728 - 1808 80 reforms. Spanish statesman |
| 1784 mi Relación histórica del viaje á la América Meridional published by Antonio de Ulloa 1716 - 95 79. Book about South American Geography & people. Spanish scientist & explorer |
| 1789 - 94 5 mi Alessandro Malaspina 1754 - 1810 56 sails around world & maps it. Tuscan explorer for Spain. |
| 1790 - 1801 11 fl mi Gaspar Melchor de Jovellano 1744 - 1811 67 travel journalist, Philosopher |
|
|
1801  1st Battle of Algeciras |
1807 - 14 7 mi Peninsular War part of Napoleonic Wars United Kingdom
Spain
Portugal French Empire
1808  Battle of Medina de Rioseco |
1812  Siege of Ciudad Rodrigo |
| 1813 mi Battle of Sorauren |
|
| 1808 - 13 5 mi Joseph deposed *Sp,Npls,Scli,Indies,Comte de Survilliers |
| 1808 - 14 6 mi Peninsular War Spanish guerrillas |
Charles IVs eldest son restored to throne. Again title used was king of Castile, Leon, Aragon,… by Grace of God
1817  History of Inquisition of Spain from Time of its Establishment to Reign of Ferdinand 7 by Llorente, Juan Antonio 200,504 K |
1820 - 3 3 mi Spanish Civil War Monarchy of Spain
Kingdom of France Partisans of Cortes
1823  Battle of Trocadero |
|
| 1829 mi Battle of Praia da Vitoria Azores |
1833 - 76 52 mi mi Carlist Wars in Spain
| 1833 - 40 7 1st Carlist War in Spain. Liberals & Allies:
Forces of Queen Isabella II of Spain
United Kingdom
Kingdom of French
Forces of King Pedro IV of Portugal Carlists:
Forces of Infante Carlos of Spain
Forces of King Miguel of Portugal
|
|
| 1834 Spanish Inquisition Ends |
| 1837 - 80 43 José Zorrillas Career 1817 - 93 76 Poet, Dramatist. |
| 1840 History of Moors of Spain by Florian 61,600 K |
| 1841 History of Reign of Ferdinand & Isabella Catholic V1 by Prescott, William Hickling 133,408 K |
| 1846 - 8 2 2nd Carlist War War of Madrugadores Forces of Queen Isabella II of Spain Carlists |
| 1859 - 60 1 Spanish Moroccan War |
| 1858 - 69 11 Gustavo Adolfo Bécquers Carreer PostRomanticist Writer 1836 - 70 34 |
| 1863 - 81 18 Rosalía de Castros Carreer Romanticist, Writer, Poet 1837 - 85 48 |
| 1864 - 6 2 Chincha Islands War was an attempt by Spain to regain its South American colonies. |
1868 - 71 3 provisional government & a regency headed by Francisco Serrano y Domínguez
Borbon 2nd restoration
1874 - 1931 57 |
Isabella 2s eldest son was restored to throne as she had abdicated in his favour in 1870. Constitutional king of Spain.
| 1874 - 5 1 First Republic in Spain. |
1884 - 94 10  Leopoldo Alas 1852 - 1901 49 carreer. Austurian Realist Novelist. |
1898  Short History of Spain by Parmele, Mary Platt 34,998 K |
|
|
| 1906 History of Inquisition in Spain by Henry Charles Lea 684M 24;55;30 |
1910 mi Spanish Civil War
Land & Freedom 1995 |
1917  White Plumes of Navarre A Romance of Wars of Religion by Crockett, S. R. (Samuel Rutherford) |
1936 - 39 3 mi Spanish Civil War |
10/1/36 General Francisco Franco was proclaimed Head of State (Caudillo) in parts of Spain controlled by Nationalists ( nacionales) after Spanish Civil War broke out. After end of war on April 1, 1939 General Franco took control of whole of Spain. In 1947, Franco proclaimed restoration of monarchy, but did not allow pretender, Juan de Borbón, Count of Barcelona, to take throne. In 1969, Franco declared that Juan Carlos, Count of Barcelonas son, would be his successor. After Francos death in 1975, Juan Carlos succeeded him as King of Spain.
| 1941 Operation Stonewall. Off West France UK 2LC 2W, USA 1EC, Free France 4D, Canada 4Co, New Zealand 1C, Czechoslovakia 1B, Ireland 1St, Spain 2D VS Germany 2To 1D 1DD 4BR #154C Last of German control of French ports. |
| 1960s Crown for Joanna by Sister Mary Jean Dorcy 1914 - 1988 74 50.2M 1;49;46 |
Alfonso XIIIs claim descended (due to his two eldest sons renunciations) to his third son, Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona, who was passed over in favour of his eldest son, whose title is King of Spain. Count of Barcelona renounced his claims in favour of his son in 1977, two years after Francos death & Juan Carloss accession.
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1500s |
1600s |
1700s |
1800s |
1900s |
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1500s |
1600s |
1700s |
1800s |
1900s |
|
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Republic of Venice
697 - 1797 1100
1499 - 1503 4  Ottoman Venetian War of 1499 - 1503
| Battle of Zoncho |
|
1508 - 16 8  War of League of Cambrai Italy, France, England, Sparin. Republic of Venice,
France,
Scotland,
Duchy of Ferrara vs Papal States,
Habsburg Spain,
Holy Roman Empire,
Kingdom of England,
Duchy of Milan,
Swiss mercenaries |
1521 - 6 5  Italian War of 1521 - 1526 Italy, France, Spain. Habsburg Spain,
Holy Roman Empire
Kingdom of England
Papal States vs France,
Republic of Venice
| Battle of Pavia |
|
1526 - 30 4  War of League of Cognac. Italy. Empire of Charles V:
Spain Holy Roman Empire Republic of Genoa vs France
Papal States
Republic of Venice
Republic of Florence
Kingdom of England
Duchy of Milan |
| 1556 Publication in Venice of Delle Navigiationi et Viaggi (terzo volume) by Giovanni Battista Ramusio, Venice, Italy. secretary of Council of Ten, with plan La Terra de Hochelaga, an illustration of Indian village Hochelaga. |
1511 - 60 49 mi fl Titians
1485 - 1576 91 Painter |
1534 - 70 36 fl Andrea Palladios
1508 - 80 72 Architect |
1556 - 78 22 fl  Paolo Veroneses 1528 - 88 60 Painter |
1533 - 94 61 fl mi Tintorettos
(Jacopo Comin) 1518 - 94 76 Painter |
|
| 1500s mi Sforzesco Castle |
| 1513 mi Battle of La Motta |
| 1517 mi War of Urbino |
| 1530 mi Battle of Gavinana |
| 1557 mi Brown Castle Completed |
| 1562 mi Spinola Castle Mignacco |
1500s  Viterbo Cathedral Reconstructed |
1530s - 93  Alghero Cathedral |
1532 - 1670s  Vigevano Cathedral |
| 1548 - 92 mi San Giorgio dei Greci Cathedral |
1560  Vicenza Cathedral |
1575 - 1992  Santa Caterina a Magnanapoli Cathedral |
1597 - 1618  Acireale Cathedral |
1597 - 1700s  Castelsardo Cathedral |
1598 - 1700  Frascati Cathedral |
1502 Roma tempietto bramante
|
1544  Giardini Naxos Vignazza Tower |
|
Republic of Venice
697 - 1797 1100
| 1576 - 1617 41 fl mi Giovanni Bassanos 1558 - 1617 59 Composer, Cornettist |
| 1621 - 36 15 fl Dario Castellos Baroque Music 1560 - 1640 80 |
1639 - 73 34 fl  Francesco Cavallis
1602 - 76 74 Opera Composer |
|
| 1628 - 31 3 mi War of Mantuan Succession Part of 30 Yrs War. Italy. France VS Holy Roman Empire,
Spain,
Duchy of Savoy |
1600s mi Polybius Histories Translated
Italian, English, German & French |
1637  Battle of Mombaldone |
| 1644 mi Battle of Lagoscuro |
| 1650s mi Moncalieri Castle |
1600s  Bologna Cathedral |
1649  Acquapendente Cathedral |
| 1650 mi St Marks Basilica Consecrated |
1652  Alba Cathedral Renovated |
1689 - 1889  Bergamo Cathedral |
| 1642 Rome, Italy Geographicus Roma merian |
| 1656 - 67 Rome Vatikan Kolonaden Petersdom |
| 1676 mi Battle of Augusta |
|
Republic of Venice
697 - 1797 1100
| 1701 mi Suites Opus 3 Written by Tomaso Albinoni 1671 - 1751 80 |
1719 - 68 49 fl mi Canalettos
Painter 1697 - 1768 71 |
| 1722 - 40 18 fl mi Giovanni Battista Tiepolos 1696 - 1770 74 |
1723  Four Seasons Violin Concertos by Antonio Vivaldi 1678 - 1741 63 |
| 1733 77 44 fl mi Carlo Goldonis 1707 - 93 86 Playwright, Librettist |
1735 - 82 47 mi fl Francesco Guardis
1712 - 93 81 Painter |
1742 - 80 38 mi fl Bernardo Bellottos
1721 - 80 59 Painter |
1761 - 76 15 mi fl Carlo Gozzis
1720 - 1806 86 Dramatist |
1771 - 1815 44 fl Antonio Salieris
1750 - 1825 75 Composer |
1789  Story of my Life by Giacomo Casanova 1725 - 98 73 written. Adventurer, Writer, Womanizer |
|
| 1700 mi Conversano Castle |
1702  Battle of Cremona |
| 1706 mi Siege of Turin |
| 1797 mi Santo Stefano Castle dAveto |
1711  Catania Cathedral Rebuilt |
1721  Albano Cathedral Consecrated |
| 1741 mi Battle of Milan |
| 1744 mi Battle of Madonna Dell'Olmo |
| 1746 mi Battle of Rottofredo |
| 1547 mi Battle of Asieta |
1771 - 6  Subiaco Abbey |
| 1732 - 62 Rome Trevi Pano |
1795  Battle of Loano |
| 1796 Battle of Montenotte |
1796  Battle of Lodi |
| 1796 mi Battle of Castiglioni |
1796  Battle of Arcole |
| 1796 nt Battle of Millesimo |
| 1797 mi Battle of Tagliamento |
| 1798 mi Battle Civita Castelana |
| 1799 mi Battle Trebbia River |
| 1799 mi Battle Novi |
|
Kingdom of Italy
1861 - 1946 75
|
1800  Battle of Montebello |
1828 /PNG/32 x 32/6970 - Hanging Painting.png) History of Painting in Italy, V1 From Period of Revival of Fine Arts to End of Eighteenth Century by Lanzi, Luigi Antonio 138,376 K |
| 1800 mi Palazzolo sullOglio torre |
| 1880 mi Runkelstein Castle |
| 1886 - 92 mi Albertis Castle |
1809  Bosa Cathedral Reconstructed |
1821  Spoleto Cathedral |
1822  Amelia Cathedral Facade |
1863 - 2009  Novara Cathedral |
1891  Amalfi Cathedral Facade |
| 1835 Fontana Fraterna Isernia |
1855  Austria invades Italy
Senso 1968 |
|
Kingdom of Italy 2
1861 - 1946 85
|
Italian institutional referendum
1946 - 8 2 |
Republic of Italy
1948 - Present 71 |
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HRE's Kingdom of Italy
962 - 1648 686
|
|
HREs Kingdom of Italy
962 - 1648 686
1648  Peace of Westphalia terminated any imperial claims to an Italian kingdom, although Holy Roman Emperor had claim to title up to dissolution of Empire |
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Republic of Genoa
1005 - 1815 810
| 1587 - 1638 51 fl mi Claudio Monteverdis 1567 - 1643 76 Composer of Renaissance & Baroque music |
1625  1st Genoese Savoyard War. Italy. Spain,
Republic of Genoa vs France,
Duchy of Savoy |
1634 - 65 31  fl Francesco Borromini 1599 - 1667 68 Italian sculptor, architect |
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|
Austrian Rule
1815 - 66 51
Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia
1815 - 66 51 |
1806 - 40 34 fl
 Alessandro Manzonis
1785 - 1873 88 Poet, Novelist |
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Kingdom of Sicily
1130 - 1816 686
|
|
Kingdom of Sicily
1130 - 1816 686
| 1679 - 1721 42 mi Alessandro Scarlattis 1660 - 1725 65 Baroque music career. Italian opera composer |
|
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Kingdom of Sicily
1130 - 1816 686
|
|
Kingdom of Sicily
1130 - 1816 686
|
Kingdom of 2 Sicilies
1816 - 61 45
|
|
|
2nd Republic of Florence
1197 - 1532 335
Florence
1498 ? nt Niccolò Machiavelli
1501  Statue of David Michelangelo 1475 - 1564 89 painter & sculptor returns to his native Florence
Agony & Ecstasy 1965
Titan Story of Michelangelo 1950 |
1503 - 7 4  Mona Lisa Leonardo da Vinci 1452 - 1519 67 begins painting & completes it three or four years later.
Life of Leonardo Da Vinci 1972 |
1445 - 1510 65  Sandro Botticelli Painter |
1454 - 1512 58  Amerigo Vespucci Italian explorer for Spain. Sailed in 1499 - 1502 3 He explored east coast of South America |
1513  Prince by Machiavellia treatise about political philosophy |
1452 - 1519 68  Leonardo da Vinci Polymath: Scientist, Mathematician, Engineer, Inventor, Anatomist, Painter, Sculptor, Architect, Botanist, Musician, Writer |
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Kingdom of Naples
1285 - 1816 531
South Italy
| 1501 Taking up Angevine claim, he conquered kingdom |
1558 Camera Obscura by Giambattista della Porta of Italy. |
1593 - 1610 17 fl mi Caravaggios
1571 - 1610 39 Proto-Baroque Artist
Caravaggio 1986 |
|
|
Kingdom of Naples
1285 - 1816 531
South Italy
Spanish Rule
1504 - 1647 63 |
1600  Giordano Bruno Burned at Stake 1548 - 1600 52 for heresy in Rome. Philosopher, Astronomer/Astrologer |
1603 - 9 6 fl  Ascanio Mayones Keyboarder 1565 - 1627 62 |
1631  Mount Vesuvius erupts |
| 1647 - 8 1 Henry 2, Duke of Guise. No uncontroversial marriages. X50 Taking up Angevine claim, Henry was appointed Doge of Neapolitan Republic. He was captured when Naples was reconquered by Spanish. |
Spanish rule 1647 - 1700 53 |
1665  Gian Lorenzo Bernini 1598 - 1680 82 goes to Paris at height of his popularity. Napolini sculptor, architect |
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|
Kingdom of Naples
1285 - 1816 531
Naples
| 1710 mi Verum Factum principle formulated by Giambattista Vico 1668 - 1744 76 Philosopher |
Austrian Rule
1714 - 34 20 |
| 1701 - 57 56 fl mi Domenico Scarlattis 1685 - 1757 72 Composer |
1725  New Science by Giambattista Vico 1668 - 1744 76 |
| 1732 mi Redemptorists Order founded by Alphonsus Liguori 1696 - 1787 91 Bishop, Saint |
1732 - 53 21 fl mi Luigi Vanvitellis
1700 - 73 73 Architect |
| 1737 - 9 2 mi Leonardo Coccorante Painted Palaces at Naples 1680 - 1750 70 |
1748  Pompeii Excavated |
1799 Installed by French army but ended by a peasant counterrevolution.
House of Bourbon
1799 - 1806 |
French Naples
1806 - 15 9 |
| 1815 - 6 1 Ferdinand 4 Restored 2ndX Merged two Kingdoms of Naples & Sicily into new Kingdom of Two Sicilies in 1816, taking new title of Ferdinand 1, King of Two Sicilies. |
|
|
Kingdom of Naples
1285 - 1816 531
South Italy
House of Bourbon 1799 - 1806 7 |
Napoleonic client state
1806 - 15 9 |
1815  Neapolitan War Italy. Austria,
Tuscany,
UK, Sicily vs Naples, France |
| 1815 - 6 1 Ferdinand 4 Restored 2ndX Merged two Kingdoms of Naples & Sicily into new Kingdom of Two Sicilies in 1816, taking new title of Ferdinand 1, King of Two Sicilies. |
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Kingdom of Sardinia
1297 - 1861 564
Trastámara of Castile
1479 |
| 1479 - 1516 37 Ferdinand 2 of Aragon |
| 1516 - 56 40 Charles 5, Holy Roman Emperor |
| 1556 - 98 42 Philip 2 of Spain |
| 1598 - 1621 23 Philip 3 of Spain |
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|
Kingdom of Sardinia
1297 - 1861 564
| 1598 - 1621 23 Philip 3 of Spain |
| 1621 - 65 44 Philip 4 of Spain |
| 1665 - 1700 35 Charles 2 of Spain |
|
|
Kingdom of Sardinia
1297 - 1861 564
Habsburgs of Spain
1713 - 20 7
|
1796  Battle of Montenotte Engagement in War of First Coalition. Napoleon Bonapartes first victory as an army commander. |
1796  Considerations on France by Joseph de Maistre 1753 - 1821 68 Philosopher, Diplomat |
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HREs Duchy of Milan
1395
- 1797 402 |
mi Milan
1528  Book of Courtier published by Baldassare Castiglione 1478 - 1529 51 Milan |
| 1536 - 8 2 mi Italian War of 1536 - 38 Charles 5 vs Francis 1 |
| 1542 - 6 4 mi Italian War of 1542 - 6 4England, France, Italy, Netherlands France, Ottoman Empire, Jülich ClevesBerg VS Holy Roman Empire, Spain, Kingdom of England |
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HREs Duchy of Milan
1395 -
1797 402 |
Milan |
|
HREs Duchy of Milan
1395
1797 402 |
Milan |
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|
Duchy of Florence
1533 - 69 36
1500s  Banknotes Reintroduced in Europe: Italy, Flanders |
1551 - 9 8 Italian War of 1551 - 9 8 France, Belgium, Italy Spain, HRE, England, Florence, Savoy VS France, Siena, Ottoman
1558  Autobiography by Benvenuto Cellini goldsmith, sculptor, and author 281M 10;14;48 |
1559  Peace of Cateau Cambrésis Spain is confirmed as dominant power in Italy.
France Italy but + 3 Bishoprics of Metz, Toul & Verdun in Lorraine & Pale of Calais from England.
Republic of Siena annexed by Florence |
|
1569  Becomes Grand Duchy of Tuscany |
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HREs 1st Grand Duchy of Tuscany
1569 - 1801 232
 Florence
Habsburg-Lorraine
1737 - 1801 64 |
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HREs 1st Grand Duchy of Tuscany
1569 - 1801 232
1610  Galileo Galilei 1564 - 1642 68 & Simon Marius observe Jupiters Galilean moons
Galileo 1975
Galileo Galilei 1969 |
|
|
Grand Duchy of Tuscany
1569 - 1801 232
1700 - 20s 20s fl  Antonio Stradivaris Violin maker 1644 - 1737 93 |
| 1715 mi Giuseppe Castiglione goes to China 1688 - 1766 78 Painter, Architect, Missionary in China |
| 1728 - 40 12 fl mi Giuseppe Grisoni 1699 - 1769 70 Flemish painter in Florence |
| 1687 - 1762 75 mi Francesco Geminiani plays in court of King of England. Italian violinist, composer, & music theorist. |
| 1730 - 62 32 fl mi Bartolomeo Rastrellis Architect 1700 - 71 71 Italian/Russian |
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French Kingdom of Italy
1805 - 14 9
1805 - 14 9  Napoleon 1 |
|
Grand Duchy of Tuscany
1815 - 59 44 |
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| |
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|
1500s |
1600s |
1700s |
1800s |
1900s |
|
|
Papal States
752 - 1870 1218 |
1492 - 1503 11 mi Alexander 6
1503  Design of St. Peters Cathedral
 Donato Bramante 1444 - 1514 80 |
1476 - 1513 37 fl  Leonardo da Vinci 1452 - 1519 67 Famous artist & inventor & scientist |
1504 - 8 4  Raphael Painter 1483 - 1520 37 Florence |
| 1506 St. Peters Cathedral began Rome |
1508 - 12 4 mi Cistene Chapel Painted by  Michelangelo Buonarroti 1475 - 1564 79 Painter, Sculptor Rome |
| 1512 14 20th Council at Lateran addressed Church reform |
| 1513 Prince published by Niccolò Machiavelli 1469 - 1527 58, Florentian historian, author & humanist |
| 1517 mi Holy League created. union of several European powers, Christian fighting force designed to combat growing threat of Turkish expansion. |
1534  Jesuits founded by Ignatius of Loyola 1491 - 1556 65 founder of Jesuits
Loyola: Soldier Saint 1948 |
| 1537 Sack of Rome by Charles 5 |
1544 - 94 40 fl  Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrinas
1525 - 94 69 Sacred Musician |
| 1545 Theory of Complex Numbers 1st developed by Gerolamo Cardamo |
1545 - 63 18 19th Council of Trent Trento Trent tried to reform Roman Catholic Church & quell protest, but to no avail. This Vatican Council decreed faith necessary, but retained church sacraments as essential components of Christian religion.
| 1546 Michelangelo Buonarroti is made chief architect of St. Peters Basilica |
|
| 1570s - 90s 20 fl mi Emilio de Cavalieris 1550 - 1602 52 Composer, Producer, Organist, Diplomat, Choreographer, Dancer |
| 1579 - 1605 26 fl mi Giulio Caccinis Musician 1545 - 1618 73 |
1582  Gregorian Calendar adopted by catholic countries. |
1582  Matteo Ricci Traveled to Macau, China 1552 - 1610 58 Jesuit |
1583  Identification of Constant Swing Pendulum by Galileo Galilei Pisa Leads to development of reliable timekeepers. |
1580s - 90s 10 fl mi Giovanni Bernardino Naninos
Composer 1560 - 1623 63 Rome |
| 1585 1604 19 fl mi Felice Anerios Composer 1560 - 1614 54 |
1590  Della transportatione dellobelisco Vaticano e delle fabriche di Sisto V by Domenico Fontana Rome 1543 - 1607 64 Architect. |
1593  Thermometer by Galileo Galilei |
| 1590s mi fl Alfonso Fontanellis 1557 - 1622 65 Composer, writer, diplomat, courtier, & nobleman |
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|
Papal States
752 - 1870 1218
1800 - 23 23 Pius 7
1823 - 29 6 Leo 12
1825 - 27 2 Pius 8
1870  Italian Army
took Rome |
| 1870 20th 1st Council of Vatican Rome |
1870 - 1960  22nd Council at Vatican defined Papal governance |
|
|
Vatican City
1929 - Present 84
| 1962 - 5 3 23rd Council at Vatican addressed modern world |
| 1963 - 78 15 Servant of God Paul 6 |
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|
1500s |
1600s |
1700s |
1800s |
1900s |
|
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| |
Republic of San Marino
1631 - Present 380
 @ San Marino, Italy |
|
Republic of San Marino
1631 - Present 380
@ San Marino, Italy |
|
Republic of San Marino
1631 - Present 380
@ San Marino, Italy |
|
Republic of San Marino
1631 - Present 380
@ San Marino, Italy
| 1944 Battle of San Marino San Marino British Empire India 1Div VS Germany 1Div |
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|
1500s |
1600s |
1700s |
1800s |
1900s |
|
|
| 1428 - 1530 102 Last incorporation into Royal Domain. |
| 1530 Knights of St. John take possession. |
| 1551 Draguts raid on Gozo. |
| 1561 Inquisition officially established. |
| 1565 Great Siege. Malta besieged by Turks but Knights helped by Maltese resist & win. |
| 1573 Foundation stone laid for St. Johns CoCathedral. |
| 1578 Consecration of St. Johns CoCathedral. |
| 1592 Founding of Jesuits College |
| 1572 7 mi St. Johns Co Cathedral |
|
| 1615 Wignacourt Aqueduct completed. |
| 1676 School of Anatomy & Surgery founded at Sacred Infirmary. |
| 1697 1702 mi St. Pauls Cathedral Mdina |
1600s  New Cathedral of Coimbra |
|
| 1768 Jesuits expelled & property transferred to Knights by Papal Order. |
| 1769 Conversion of Jesuits College to a University. |
1784  Creation of a legal code |
1792  Possessions of Knights of St. John located in France seized by government. |
| 1798 French invasion. Knights of St. John expelled. Inquisition abolished. |
| 1799 French occupation. revolt against French. Dun Mikiel Xerri executed by French. |
|
| British take islands under their protection in name of King of Two Sicilies. Battle of Aboukir Bay. |
| 1800 French occupation ends. British rule begins. |
| 1819 Università dissolved. |
| 1828 Vatican ChurchState proclamation. Right of Sanctuary revoked. |
| 1831 See of Malta made independent of See of Palermo. |
| 1835 First Council of Government under British rule. |
| 1849 Council of Government with elected members under British rule. |
| 1869 Opening of Suez Canal. |
| 1870 Referendum on Ecclesiastics serving on Council of Government. |
| 1881 Creation of Executive Council under British rule. |
| 1885 First postage stamps issued. |
| 1886 Surgeon Major David Brucediscovers microbe causing Malta Fever. |
| 1887 Council of Government with "dual control" under British rule. |
| 1888 Construction begins on Royal Opera House. |
| SimmonsRampolla agreement. |
| 1839 44 St Pauls ProCathedral |
|
Republic of Malta
1964 Present 47
1964 Malta becomes independent |
| 1903 Return to 1849 form of Council of |
| Government under British rule. |
| 1904 Tram service begins. |
| 1905 Dr. Themistocles Zammit discovers source of Malta Fever. |
| 1912 Dun Karm writes his first poem in Maltese. |
| 1914 8 4 World War 1 starts; Malta becomes known as Nurse of Mediterranean. |
| 1921 Selfgovernment granted under British rule. |
| 1923 "Innu Malti" played first time in public. |
| Dr. Francisco Buhagiar becomes Prime Minister. |
| 1924 Sir Ugo P. Mifsud becomes Prime minister. |
| 1927 Sir Gerald Strickland becomes Prime Minister. |
| 1930 Constitution suspended because of Church actions under British rule. |
| 1931 Malta railway closes. |
| 1932 Constitution restored under British rule. |
| Sir Ugo Mifsud becomes Prime Minister. |
| 1933 Constitution withdrawn under British rule. |
| Malta reverts to Crown Colony status it held in 1813. |
| 1934 Malti & English become dual official languages. |
| 1935 Rediffusion Radio begins. |
| 1936 Constitution revised to provide for nomination of members to Executive Council under British rule. |
| 1939 Constitution revised to provide for an elected Council of Government under British rule. |
| 1939 45 6 World War II begins. Germany invades Poland. |
| 1940 First air raids of Great Siege of World |
| 1940 2 2 Siege of Malta. Malta UK, Malta, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, South Africa, Southern Rhodesia Supply: Free French, Greece, Poland, Norway, USA 30BuD 40Su 2AC 4C 19D 716F 369 64Gr 2.3ACXW 1.3CiX VS Italy 175 72%T 16Su, Germany 357 50U 23%M 2 2.3M 17.2X 2.3M |
| 1941 Italian eboat attack on Grand Harbour. HMS Illustrious damaged, bombed, repaired & departs. Pearl Harbour bombed by Japanese. |
| 1942 Award of George Cross to people of Malta. Operation Pedestal Convoy arrives in Grand Harbour. |
| 1945 Churchill & Roosevelt meet in Malta prior to Yalta Conference with Joseph Stalin. |
| 1946 National Assembly results in 1947 constitution under British rule. |
| 1947 Selfgovernment restored under British rule. |
| Dr. Paul Boffa becomes Prime Minister. |
| 1950 Dr. Enrico Mizzi becomes Prime Minister from September to December. Dr. Georgio Borg Olivier becomes Prime minister in December. |
| 1953 Coronation incident. |
| 1955 Dom Mintoff becomes Prime Minister. Roundtable Conference held. |
| 1956 Referendum on Integration with Britain. |
| 1958 Caravaggio incident. Dom Mintoff resigns as Prime Minister. Dr. Georgio Borg Olivier declines forming alternative government. |
| Colonial governor takes direct administration under British rule. |
| 1959 Interim Constitution provides for an Executive Council under British rule. |
| 1961 Blood Commission provides for a new constitutionallowing for a measure of selfgovernment & recognizing "State" of Malta. |
| 1962 Dr. Georgio Borg Olivier becomes Prime Minister. |
| Stolper report delivered. |
| 1964 "Innu Malti" recognized as national anthem. Referendum on Independence Constitution. Malta granted independence, becoming a sovereign nation within British Commonwealth. |
| 1968 Central Bank established. |
| 1970 Malta enters an Association agreement with European Community. |
| 1971 Dom Mintoff becomes Prime Minister. Sir Anthony Mamo becomes first Maltese national to be named GovernorGeneral. |
| 1972 Military base agreement signed by Malta, United Kingdom & other N.A.T.O. nations. Kings Own Malta Regiment disbanded. Change to decimal monetary system. Government bars United States Naval Forces from using Malta as a liberty port. |
| 1974 Malta becomes a Republic, remaining in Commonwealth. Sir Anthony Mamo elected first President. Government increases its control over University. |
| 1975 Barclays Bank International, Ltd. taken over to become MidMed Bank. |
| 1979 Military base agreement terminated. British forces leave. First Referendum Day celebrated. |
| 1989 First gathering of Knights of St. John in Malta since their departure in 1798. U.S./Soviet Summit meets in Malta. Dr. Vincent Tabone elected fourth President. |
| 1991 Agreement signed for Malta Cable Television. |
| 1992 Nationalist Party wins election. Queen Elizabeth II & Prince Philip in Malta for 50th Anniversary of awarding of George Cross. |
| New Air Terminal opened. 50th Anniversary of Operation Pedestal celebrated. Stock Exchange opened. Maritime Museum opened in Vittoriosa. Dr. Alfred Sant elected Leader of Malta Labour Party. |
| 1993 Malta receives positive response, subject to a list of prior conditions, from European Community. First University degree courses offered in Gozo. Government signs International Convention banning use of chemical weapons. Fifth Games of Small States of Europe held in Malta. First elections for Local Councils held. |
| 1994 Dr. Ugo Mifsud Bonnici elected fifth President. |
| 1996 Malta Labour Party wins elections Dr. Alfred sworn in as Prime Minister of Malta. |
| 1997 Maltas application to join EU is frozen. MLP government instead seeks industrial free trade |
| zone & closer relations to EU but not membership. |
| 1998 Dr. Alfred Sant calls for election following vote of noconfidence. Dr. Eddie Fenech Adami is elected Prime Minister. |
| 1999 Prof. Guido de Marco appointed President of Malta. |
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|
1500s |
1600s |
1700s |
1800s |
1900s |
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| |
| 1687 nt Ptuj Castle Slovenia |
|
| 1701 6 mi Saint Nicholas Cathedral, Ljubljana |
|
Kingdom of Illyria
1816 49 33
Ljubljana
Italian, Slovene, Croatian, German
Roman Catholic
Monarchy
| 1835 48 13 mi Ferdinand 1 of Austria |
|
| 1858 67 Shkodër Cathedral Albania |
|
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
1945 - 92 47
@ Belgrade |
|
|
1500s |
1600s |
1700s |
1800s |
1900s |
|
|
Republic of Ragusa
1358 - 1808 250
|
|
Republic of Ragusa
1358 - 1808 250
|
|
Republic of Ragusa
1358 - 1808 250
| 1736 - 80 44 fl mi Roger Joseph Boscovichs 1711 - 87 66 physicist, astronomer, mathematician, philosopher, diplomat, poet, & Jesuit Croatian in Italy |
|
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Republic of Ragusa
1358 - 1808 250
|
|
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
1945 - 92 47
@ Belgrade |
|
2nd Kingdom of Croatia
1527 - 1868 341
|
1573  Croatian-Slovenian peasant revolt |
1500s mi Veliki Tabor Castle
|
|
2nd Kingdom of Croatia
1527 - 1868 341
|
| 1600s mi Bajnski Dvori Chateau de Bajna Castle |
1638  Rijeka Cathedral
|
1667 - 97  Dubrovnik Cathedral |
|
2nd Kingdom of Croatia
1527 1868 341
|
1749 - 51 2  Eltz Vukovar Castle |
| 1750s mi Tkalec Manor Castle |
| 1756 mi Dvorac Orsic Castle |
|
2nd Kingdom of Croatia
1527 - 1868 341
|
1800 - 4 mi Dvorac Pejacevic Castle
|
1865 - 6  Zagreb Orthodox Cathedral
|
| 1866 - 82 mi Đakovo Cathedral |
|
|
|
1500s |
1600s |
1700s |
1800s |
1900s |
|
|
| 1550 mi Bijela Tabija Castle |
1557  Karađozbey Mosque Bosnia |
| 1560 mi Ali Pashas Mosque Bosnia herzegovina |
1579  Ferhadija Mosque Bosnia Herzegovina |
|
|
|
1863 8  Church of Nativity Cathedral Theotokos
|
| 1889 mi Jesus Heart Cathedral |
|
| 1941 Battle of Yugoslavia. Bosnia & Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, Kosovo, Slovenia Germany 337 875T 990 40 #151X #392W #15M, Italy 666 10 22D 3.3XW, Hungary #120X #223W #13M 1+ VS Yugoslavia 700 103ACX +X 254345C by Ger 30 by It 200T 405 49 211C 3D 3Su |
| 1945 Battle of Transdanubian Hills. Hungary Bulgaria 1stArm, USSR 57thArm, Yugoslavia 3rdArm VS Germany 1Cor 1PTArm |
| 1945 Nagykanizsa–Kermend Offensive. Hungary Bulgaria, USSR, Yugoslav Partisans VS Germany, Hungary, Croatia |
| 1970s Saint Bonaventure Cathedral |
Bosnia & Herzegovina
1992 - Present 21 |
Sarajevo
|
|
|
1500s |
1600s |
1700s |
1800s |
1900s |
|
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| |
1654 - 61 7  Mehmed Köprülü is Grand Vizier. Albania |
| 1662 mi Porto Palermo Castle |
|
|
1823  Tirana Ethem beu Mosque Albania |
|
Kingdom of Albania
1928 - 39 11
1928 39 11 Zog |
| 1941 Battle of Greece. Germany 680 1.1X 3.8W #385M 1.2T 700, Italy 565 13.8X 63.1W 25.1M 163T 463, Albania, Bulgaria #400XMC 1.24M VS Greece 430 13.3X 62.7W 1.3M 20T, UK, Australia, New Zealand 62.6 903X 1.3W 14C 100T 2300 512.6 14.2X 63.9W 1.3M 14C 120T 2300 |
|
|
1500s |
1600s |
1700s |
1800s |
1900s |
|
|
| |
|
|
| 1858 mi Battle of Grahovac |
|
1st Kingdom of Montenegro
1910 - 8 8
|
| 1941 Battle of Yugoslavia. Bosnia & Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, Kosovo, Slovenia Germany 337 875T 990 40 #151X #392W #15M, Italy 666 10 22D 3.3XW, Hungary #120X #223W #13M 1+ VS Yugoslavia 700 103ACX +X 254345C by Ger 30 by It 200T 405 49 211C 3D 3Su |
| 1945 Battle of Transdanubian Hills. Hungary Bulgaria 1stArm, USSR 57thArm, Yugoslavia 3rdArm VS Germany 1Cor 1PTArm |
| 1945 Nagykanizsa–Kermend Offensive. Hungary Bulgaria, USSR, Yugoslav Partisans VS Germany, Hungary, Croatia |
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
1945 - 92 47
@ Belgrade
Socialist Republic of Montenegro |
|
Republic of Montenegro
2006 - Present 5 |
|
|
1500s |
1600s |
1700s |
1800s |
1900s |
|
|
| 1521 Belgrade is captured by Ottoman Empire. |
1575  Bajrakli Mosque Serbia |
|
1692 - 1780  Petrovaradin Fortress Built |
|
Kingdom of Serbia
Under Hapsburg Monarchy
1718 - 39 21
Belgrade
Serbian
| 1716 nt Battle of Petrovaradin |
|
1787 - 91 4 mi AustroTurkish War Serbia Austria
& Russia Vs Ottoman Empire |
| 1780 Petrovaradin Fortress |
1734 - 1905  Saint Georges Cathedral Novi Sad |
|
Kingdom of Serbia
1882 - 1918 36
1882 - 9 7 mi Milan 1
1885 mi SerboBulgarian War Principality of Bulgaria Kingdom of Serbia
1885  Battle of Pirot |
|
1889 - 1903 14  Alexander 1
|
1804 - 15 11 Serbian Revolution erupts against Ottoman rule. Suzerainty of Serbia recognized in 1817.
| 1805 mi Battle of Ivankovac |
|
| 1804 - 6 2 1st Serbian Uprising part of Serbian revolution Ottoman Empire
First French Empire Serbian revolutionaries
Volunteers from Habsburg Empire
Russian Empire |
| 1814 Hadži Prodans Revolt
part of Serbian revolution Ottoman Empire Forces of Hadži Prodan Gligorijević |
| 1815 - 7 2 2nd Serbian Uprising
part of Serbian revolution Principality of Serbia Ottoman Empire |
1817  Principality of Serbia becomes suzerain of Ottoman Empire |
1867  New Constitution declares independence |
| 1878 International recognition |
| 1837 - 40 mi St. Michaels Cathedral Belgrade |
1864 - 8  Zrenjanin Cathedral |
1870 - 83  Our Lady of Perpetual Succour Cathedral Prizren |
|
Yugoslavia 1918 - 43 25
@ Belgrade
| 1941 Battle of Yugoslavia. Bosnia & Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, Kosovo, Slovenia Germany 337 875T 990 40 #151X #392W #15M, Italy 666 10 22D 3.3XW, Hungary #120X #223W #13M 1+ VS Yugoslavia 700 103ACX +X 254345C by Ger 30 by It 200T 405 49 211C 3D 3Su |
|
Democratic Federal Yugoslavia 1944 - 5 1
@ Belgrade
| 1945 Battle of Transdanubian Hills Hungary Bulgaria 1stArm, USSR 57thArm, Yugoslavia 3rdArm VS Germany 1Cor 1PTArm |
| 1945 Nagykanizsa–Kermend Offensive. Hungary Bulgaria, USSR, Yugoslav Partisans VS Germany, Hungary, Croatia |
|
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
1945 - 92 47
@ Belgrade |
|
|
1500s |
1600s |
1700s |
1800s |
1900s |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
1500s |
1600s |
1700s |
1800s |
1900s |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
| 1918 Battle of Dobro Pole Macedonia France, Serbia 75Bat 36.5Ri 2 756MG 580A 81 VS Bulgaria, Germany 26Bat 11.6Ri 3 245MG 50GC 146A 24 |
| 1918 Battle of Doiran. Macedonia Bulgaria 35 9thDiv 2.7 VS UK 3.5, Greece 29.3, France 75 6.67.8 |
| 1918 Battle of Dobro Pole Macedonia France, Serbia 75Bat 36.5Ri 2 756MG 580A 81 VS Bulgaria, Germany 26Bat 11.6Ri 3 245MG 50GC 146A 24 |
| 1918 Battle of Doiran. Macedonia Bulgaria 35 9thDiv 2.7 VS UK 3.5, Greece 29.3, France 75 6.67.8 |
| 1941 Battle of Yugoslavia. Bosnia & Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, Kosovo, Slovenia Germany 337 875T 990 40 #151X #392W #15M, Italy 666 10 22D 3.3XW, Hungary #120X #223W #13M 1+ VS Yugoslavia 700 103ACX +X 254345C by Ger 30 by It 200T 405 49 211C 3D 3Su |
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
1944 - 91 47
mi  @ Belgrade
| 1945 Battle of Transdanubian Hills Hungary Bulgaria 1stArm, USSR 57thArm, Yugoslavia 3rdArm VS Germany 1Cor 1PTArm |
| 1945 Nagykanizsa–Kermend Offensive Hungary Bulgaria, USSR, Yugoslav Partisans VS Germany, Hungary, Croatia |
Socialist Republic of Macedonia |
|
Republic of Macedonia
1991 - Present 20 |
|
|
1500s |
1600s |
1700s |
1800s |
1900s |
|
|
1500  Battle of Modon (Lepanto) |
1522  Siege of Rhodes Greece Ottoman Empire VS Knights Hospitaller |
1570 - 3 3  Ottoman–Venetian War Greece Ottoman Empire VS Holy League Republic of Venice, Spain, Papal States, Republic of Genoa, Duchy of Savoy, Knights of Malta
|
| 1500s mi Rethymno Fortezza gate |
| 1571 NaupactusLepanto naupactus venecian fortress Venetians capture island |
|
1645 - 69 24  Cretan War Greece Ottoman Empire,
Barbary States vs Republic of Venice,
Knights of Malta,
Papal States,
France,
Maniots |
| 1600s mi Bridge of Arta Greece by Ottomans |
|
1714 - 8 4  Ottoman–Venetian War Croatia, Greece. Ottoman Empire VS Republic of Venice,
Kingdom of Portugal,
Order of Malta,
Papal States
|
|
Greece 1
1832 - 1924 102
| 1842 - 62 mi Metropolitan Cathedral of Athens |
| 1896 mi Battle of Domeke Greece |
1896  1st Olympics in Athens |
|
1821 - 30 9 Greek War of Independence Greek revolutionaries
European Forces United Kingdom United States of Ionian Islands Kingdom of France 1827 only Russian Empire 1827 only Ottoman Empire
Eyalet of Egypt
Vilayet of Tunisia (Only in naval battles)
| Greece 1st country to break away from Ottomans |
| 1821 mi Battle of Calamata |
| 1822 mi Kanaris destroys Ottoman Flagship |
1822  Battle of Dervenakia |
1823  Battle of Karpenisi |
| 1827 mi Battle of Phaleron |
1827  Battle of Navarino |
|
1897  GrecoTurkish War 30 Days War Greece Ottoman Empire VS Kingdom of Greece |
|
1910  Palace of Knossos excavated |
| 1918 Battle of Doiran. Macedonia Bulgaria 35 9thDiv 2.7 VS UK 3.5, Greece 29.3, France 75 6.67.8 |
| 1918 Battle of Doiran. Macedonia Bulgaria 35 9thDiv 2.7 VS UK 3.5, Greece 29.3, France 75 6.67.8 |
Greece 2
1935 - 74 39
| 1940 Battle of Cape Matapan. Off Greece UK, Australia 1AC 1To 3B 7LC 4LD 17D #3X VS Italy 1B HD 6HC 3 2LC 17D 2 2.3+X 5 2HD |
| 1941 Battle of Crete. Greece Germany 14PT 15MT 280DB Fi180 500T 80Gl, Italy 2.7 6.7 3.7 370D VS Greece 11.5 1.3TXW, UK 15, Australia 7.1, New Zealand 6.7 40 Inc10NC 23.8 4X 17C |
| 1941 Battle of Greece. Germany 680 1.1X 3.8W #385M 1.2T 700, Italy 565 13.8X 63.1W 25.1M 163T 463, Albania, Bulgaria #400XMC 1.24M VS Greece 430 13.3X 62.7W 1.3M 20T, UK, Australia, New Zealand 62.6 903X 1.3W 14C 100T 2300 512.6 14.2X 63.9W 1.3M 14C 120T 2300 |
| 1940 - 2 2 Siege of Malta. Malta UK, Malta, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, South Africa, Southern Rhodesia Supply: Free French, Greece, Poland, Norway, USA 30BuD 40Su 2AC 4C 19D 716F 369 64Gr 2.3ACXW 1.3CiX VS Italy 175 72%T 16Su, Germany 357 50U 23%M 2 2.3M 17.2X 2.3M |
| 1942 2nd Battle of El Alamein. Egypt UK India, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Free French, Greece 195 13.6 1T 332500 435AC 892908A 1.5ATG 111 73050 530Ser 97VS Germany, Italy 116 30.6 547T 500 192AC 552A 4961ATG 254 770900 480Ser 84 |
| 1942 - 3 1 Tunisia Campaign. Tunisia UK, India, USA, France, New Zealand, Poland, Greece 76 849 VS Germany, Italy 300 1 600+C |
| 1943 Dodecanese Campaign. Off Greece Germany, Italian Rep 1.2 15L VS UK, Kingdom of Italy, South Africa, Greece 4.8 6D 4CLD 4CHD 2Su 10MS&CD 113 |
| 1943 Battle of Leros. Off Greece Germany 520X 45W VS Italy 8So&Sa, UK 1Bri 3 2Sq 115, Greece 20CiX 419X 4.8W 8.5C 115 |
| 1943 Battle of Kos. Off Greece Germany 4 15X 70W VS UK 1.4 1.4C, Italy 3.5 3.1C, South Africa 4.9 4.5C 91OX |
| 1944 Gothic Line. Italy UK, USA, India, Canada, Poland, New Zealand, South Africa, Brazil, Italian Resistance, Greece 40 VS Germany, Italy |
| 1944 Battle of Rimini. Italy UK, Canada, Greece, New Zealand 3.4 VS Germany |
| 1944 mi Invasion of Normandy France UK, USA, Canada, Free French, Poland, Australia, Free Belgians, New Zealand, Netherlands, Norway, Free Czechloslovak, Greece 1.3M 120 VS Germany 380 113 |
|
|
- 
- 
/png 32px/Icon_finger,-hand,-gesture,-point,-left.png){kind=icon}
/png 32px/Icon_finger,-hand,-gesture,-point,-right.png){kind=icon}
- 
.gif){kind=small}
Manuel 1 
Pêro Vaz de Caminha
Portuguese navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral 1467 - 1520 53 arrives in & claims Brazil for Portugal. 
João da Nova
Afonso de Albuquerques Carreer
Portuguese Mamluk naval war
Diogo de Azambuja
Juan Sebastián Elcano
Vasco da Gama
1543 Nanban trade period begins after Portuguese traders make contact with Japan
Portugal defeats Kongo Empire
Filipe 3
Afonso 6 
Pedro 2 
Lisbon Earthquake
Battle of Lagos 
Battle of Kunersdorf 
Battle of Vimeiro 
2nd Battle of Porto 
Battle of Bussaco 
Maria 2 
Battle of Cape St Vincent 
Pedro 5 
Joanna 1 
Drakes royal reception after his attacks on Spanish possessions, influences Philip II of Spain to build up Spanish Armada. English ships in Spanish harbours are impounded
Spain unifies with Portugal under Philip 2. struggle for throne of Portugal ends Portuguese Empire. Spanish & Portuguese crowns are united for 60 years, i.e. until 1640
Spanish Armada 
Capture of Cadiz 
Great 
Siege of Barcelona 
Battle of Trafalgar 
Battle of El Bruch
Battle of Bailen 
Siege of Zaragoza 
Battle of Burgos 
Battle of Tudela 
Battle of Somosierra 
Battle of Corunna 
Battle of Ciudad Real 
Battle of Alcaniz 
Battle of Talavera 
Battle of Raab 
Battle of Barrosa 
Battle of Fuentes de Onoro 
Battle of Albuera 
Siege of Tarifa 
Siege of Badajoz
Battle of Vitoria 
Santiago Ramón y Cajal 1852 - 1934 62 wins 
Battle of Polesella 
Battle of Agnadello 
Siege of Padua 
Battle of Ravenna 
Battle of Novara 
Battle of Ceresole 
Battle of Marignano 
Battle of Bicocca 
Battle of Pavia 
Sack of Rome 
Battle of Elba 
Battle of Leghorn 
1st Piano
Battle of Bitonto
Battle of Guastalla
Battle of Piacenza
Battle of Mondovi
Battle of Rivoli
Italy Unified
Victor Emmanuel 2 
3rd Italian War of Independence
Umberto 1 
Battle of Adwa
Battle of Marengo 
Battle of Hohenlinden
Battle of Caldiero 
Massacre of Lauria 
Battle of Sacile 
Battle of Tolentino
Battle of Novara
Battle of Custoza 
Battle of Novara 
Battle of 10 Days of Brescia 
Battle of Varese 
Battle of Palestro 
Battle of Magenta 
Battle of Milazzo 
Battle of Castelfidardo
Siege of Gaeta 
Battle of Bezzecca 
V
Umberto 2
Popes & Science History of Papal Relations to Science During Middle Ages & Down to Our Own Time
Eleonora Duse
Pescara Cathedral
Mussolini signed a treaty that officially separated church & state. It also secularized Italy & relegated church to a tiny defined area of sovereignty in Rome. Thus Vatican City was formed. This action fundamentally cancelled final remnants of Theodosus decree, even in Roman capitol itself. 
Charles 5
Ferdinand 2
Christopher Columbus
French occupation, 
Theory of Complex Numbers
Amedeo Avogadros 
Relative Masses of Elementary Molecules (Suggested Densities of Their Gases), Constituents of Some of Their Compounds
Annexed by Sardinia
Battle of Garigliano
Joachim Murat
European Tour of Niccolò Paganini 1782 - 1840 58 Genoese violinist, 
1st Opera, Dafne
Adriano Banchieris 1557 - 1634 77 
Organ musician
Wars of Castro
Mercury Barometer
Giovanni Riccioli renames Lunar mare 
JeanBaptiste Lullys 
Arcangelo Corellis 
Confucianism declared incompatible
1st Female 
College Teacher in Europe
Giacomo Leopardis 
Uprising of 
Battle of Sisak 
Battle of Lissa 
Battle of Lissa 
Battle of Slankamen 
Battle of Zenta
Battle of Grocka
Battle of Preveza 
Morean War
Battle of Athos 
Battle of Lemnos 
Battle of Sarantaporo 